Frozen shoulder, also known as adhesive capsulitis, is a condition that causes increasing pain and stiffness in the shoulder joint. It often develops gradually and can become very frustrating because simple movements such as reaching overhead, putting on a shirt, fastening a bra, or reaching behind your back can become difficult and painful. Night pain is also common, and many people find it hard to lie on the affected side or get comfortable in bed.
Frozen shoulder usually progresses through stages. In the earlier phase, pain tends to be more prominent and may worsen with movement or at night. Over time, the shoulder often becomes increasingly stiff, with movement more restricted in several directions. Later, the condition may begin to settle and shoulder movement can gradually return, although recovery is often slow and may take many months.
Physiotherapy begins with a thorough assessment to help confirm whether the shoulder is behaving like a true frozen shoulder rather than another cause of pain and stiffness, such as a rotator cuff problem or bursitis. This is important because management can differ depending on the diagnosis. Physiotherapy may involve education, pain management advice, and gentle exercises aimed at maintaining or gradually improving movement where appropriate. As the condition changes over time, treatment can be adjusted to suit the stage of presentation. The aim is to help reduce the pain you experience, improve your ability to move and use your shoulder, and enhance your recovery while avoiding unnecessary aggravation of the shoulder.
For persistent or recurring problems, a broader approach may help.
